​​The geometry without materials and light/camera effects took only a minute to render in contrast to the six hours for the main image. This example shows how important materials are in creating realism, more so than complexity of the models.

The arrangment of the screws and bolts was done by the RayFire plugin, which is easy to use and gives great results.

Rust material

Material test for a rusty metal using VrayBlend material to mix steel and rust material. Rust lays on top of the steel material. The blend mask is a noise map.

The rust texture itself is projected on the models via VrayTriplanarTex texture, which spreads the texture alongside the axes of the model and so allows to work without UV mapping. 

To make reflections more realistic a dirt map was applied as a reflection map. This avoids perfectly reflecting surfaces. 
​Lighting is set up with HDRI plus one studio light, depth-of-Field effect added and a weak bloom effect in post-render. 

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Simple glass material

When creating glass in V-Ray  the diffuse value should be set to black and reflections should be set to a medium strength (medium grey). ​To allow the light to shine through the model, refraction needs to be enabled: a value of nearly white should be set (total values of white and black should always be avoided since they can cause issues). 

 Fresnel should be activated to set the proper value of IOR, which is around 1,45 (IOR values specify the way that light is broken when traveling through glass). ​ 

​For more realism  the fog color of the glass can be set to a medium grey with reduced fog multiplier. This creates a generally fuller visual effect and darkens the parts of the model which are thicker.

The example tea pot has a shell modifier applied